Identify Statistics Essay Example for Free

Distinguish Statistics Essay The Human improvement Index (HDI) is a general proportion of how a nation has created over a specific timeframe. It is estimated using proficiency levels, arrangement of instruction, medicinal services, future and the total national output of a nation. The HDI of most nations is estimated by associations that might want to utilize the information for different utilizations including choosing which of these nations need help. The HDI of Libya, for example is set at 0. 47 in the year 2007. This was an expansion of 0. 44% which is considerable. This data was given by the United Nations in the year 2007. Such measurements are gathered by UN for the sole motivation behind estimating the paces of improvement and prosperity of the human populaces in these districts. It is then significant in choosing which of the considered countries need assistance and in which divisions this assistance may be generally required (UNDP, 2009). This measurement is somewhat deceptive because of the way that some contributing elements are not taken a gander at basically. A portion of the elements like vote based system and rights are not taken a gander at. Along these lines, when taking a gander at the list fundamentally, we understand that such significant components are not considered in assurance of the prosperity of everyone. This in this way drives us to an end that the count probably won't have the option to convincingly depict the correct picture to the individuals who are utilizing it.

Express Economical Policy Before - 1375 Words

Express Economical Policy Before and after Economic Crash 2008 (Essay Sample) Content: Express Economical Policy Before and after Economic Crash 2008 NameInstitutionAfter the great recession that occurred in late 2007 until mid-2009, most governments in the world have employed a number of actions to heal their hurt economies. Recession refers to an economic situation that creates reduced or slow growth in the economies (gross domestic product) GDP. Recessions create reduced aggregate demand and unemployment. The consequence of the great resection was felt around the globe and the developing countries being the worst hit by this situation. The influence of the recession is still momentous on the world economy. Even though the recession ended, the global market has still not achieved normalcy in its operations. This can be noted by the efforts by the different world economies into promoting and stabilizing their economic status. Different policies and plans are implemented by governments in an attempt to correct the situation whose success and failure, re main disputed. Among the correction policies implemented to rectify the situations include, the economic stimulus plans and the austerity policy. The implementation of the stimulus program in the United States in February 2009 by the congress was a step in the country's bid to recover from the great recession (Mallard, 2011). Economic stimulus policies involve the roles that are played by the government in using financial stimulus for improving growth and slowing movement of the economy. It includes the monetary together with the fiscal policies. The monetary policy involves control of the interest rates in lending and other thresholds. While the fiscal policy encompasses the government attempt to improve money in circulation by investing in some projects and controlling taxation. Austerity involves the government reducing their spending so that they can reduce their budget deficits. It involves the government cutting down some of the privileges and payments that would o therwise be given in the economy in the bid to reduce budget deficits (Vanita, 2010). Although different policies have been implemented, their success is still a question of fact. The slow and poor growth in the global GDP pause a question on whether the global economy is improving. The dispute between the Keynesian theory and the Orthodoxy theory stand out to be the significant questions to the economic repair. The fiscal and monetary policies borrow from the Keynesian theory that assumes that increased spending in the economy affects the output of the economy and the rate of inflation. Based on this, develops the participation of the government in increasing aggregate demand with an aim of improving the economy. The orthodoxy theory suggests the opposite, which is advocating for less interference of the government in the economy. Addressing the unemployment question, the orthodoxy theory states that on normal occasions a free market economy achieves full employment since employ ers make enough income that gradually accommodate more employees. Keyness theory suggests that the single most paths to take in achieving full employment, is by the government implementing projects that promote investment thus creating employment. Governments that are unwilling to influence directly factors of aggregate spending in order to reduce levels of unemployment may not succeed in the process of achieving economic growth. According to Keynes, the ability of an economy to grow depends on the ability to spend, and individuals cannot spend an amount that they lack or do not have thus need jobs. Creation of employment and employing more people grows the economy (Sardoni, 2011). The multiplier effect relates to the economys expansion of the supply of cash in the market by the ability of lending of financial institutions. This effect relates to the amount of cash in circulation. This concept is important to note for any economies growth. Commercial banks are key players in this factor where they keep a stated reserve requirement. They further keep a percentage of every deposit or savings made to them, and lending the rest to other clients whose deposits are also retained based on the reserve requirements. Gradually the money in circulation grows to build a bigger reserve. High rates of reserve mean limited supply of money in the market while lower reserve requirements mean an increased supply of money in the market. The multiplier effect is applicable in the creation of investment opportunities. The increase or decrease of employment in an economy directly relates to the multiplier effect, since it is responsible in the creation of investments. The study of the multiplier effect in a given economy helps in policy formulation, and a better evaluation and analyzing of the cycle of trade in an economy. It promotes the aspect of public investment that helps address problems of unemployment that creates equilibrium between investment and savings. The Keynesian theory has proved in improving levels of employment and improving the aggregate demand. The theory has had its flaws too. After the Second World War, the employment of the Keynesian theory in addressing g the downturn and high unemployment proved a success in the United States. A few years later the US economy was faced by massive recession and inflation rates. This is a clear show that the Keynesian theory is an ideal tool for controlling aggregate demand and cannot address the recession problems. The inability to address the supply side of the equation proves a limitation of the theory. The Keynesian theory only applies to a population that has not reached full employment. Economies experiencing full employment and still apply the Keynesian theory will experience a recession (Sardoni, 2011). Recession periods are characterized by reduced or slow growth in the (gross domestic product) GDP. Economies that experience recession, and still apply austerity in an attempt to control government debts will experience problems. Austerity involves the reduction of government spending with the aim of reducing its debt or budget deficit. Reduced government spending reduces the aggregate demand of an economy. This creates a population with little purchasing power, reduced supply of money in the economy and unemployment. The reduction in government spending only worsens the impact of recession than heal the economy. This leads to a deeper economic plunge due to the high unemployment rates and slow GDP growth. Recession periods need government intervention by applying the monetary and fiscal policies in rectifying the existing problem. Maynard Keyness solution to this problem would be to first increase the government spending and employ other relevant policies that promote the creation of employment. ...

Poaching And Robin Hood - 1920 Words

INTRODUCTION We, the people of the world, do many things for the sake of our survival. Things that we are very proud of and things that we are not. People have needs and they do or invent things based off of their needs. How far they are willing to go is the million dollar question. Poaching has been going on since the world began, but it did not become a problem and become illegal until the Late Middle Ages. In the times where the lower class were peasants and the upper class had control of pretty much everything. Robin Hood was of the first well known poachers during this time period. His reasoning, like the reasoning like many other that poach, Hood was in desperate need of money and food for his family. With the help of his crew, Hood†¦show more content†¦Although, in reality the number of people that actually know why poaching is done is very low. Poaching, by definition, is â€Å"the illegal act of killing, capturing, or removing mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, insects, or plants from their natural habitats.† (Greene, 1994, p.11). Yes. poaching is illegal but there is a reason to why people feel the need to do these types of things. One of the first reasons to why started poaching in the beginning was the fear of starvation. This reasoning was often said to cause the most motivation for people to poach. People in countries where poaching is most common, like Zimbabwe and Kanye, the economy is not doing well enough for people to have enough money to support their families. By hunting for large game, poachers use the meat to feed their families and allow them to keeping living. The desperation that people that poach must have to do this is unimaginable, but just like the average person in any country they will do what they have to to keep their family ahead. Another reason why poachers do what they do is for the huge income that they gain from it. Wanting to make a respectful income is not being greedy. Just like any other job, poachers do what is necessary to make money. Poachers will sell parts of animals or animals all together. Most poachers only receive 5-10% of the money that they make selling the animal. Based off of the job that they do that is very littleShow MoreRelatedThe Crime And Justice Reflected Within The Ballad Of Robin Hood1971 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Robin Hood is a fictional British outlaw, who represents a defiance against oppression. The ballads and tales of Robin Hood focused on articulating a resistance towards authority and a longing for freedom, which made it extremely popular and relatable for the mass. Popularized later on as a hero, it is nonetheless quite important to note the original and key identity of Robin Hood and his merry men, outlaws. While carrying a noble cause most of the time Robin Hood and his merry men throughRead MoreRobin Hood Case Study3684 Words   |  15 PagesWhat problems does Robin Hood have? What issues need to be addressed? Robin Hood is facing numerous problems and issues, but I think the most pressing problem is the fact that the band of Merrymen has far outgrown the available resources in Sherwood Forest. Robin Hood’s faith in succeeding by strength in numbers is quickly becoming a contributor to their downfall. Income is low at this point as well, so purchasing supplies, whether near or far, will soon become impossible. If the men aren’t fed

Ernest Hemingway Is Well-Known For Uniquely Integrating

Ernest Hemingway is well-known for uniquely integrating his own experiences into his works. With each plot, he subtly weaves the elements into multiple layers of significance. His skillful use of allegory adds meaning to each story, as it allows the reader to take a step back in time and get a glimpse some of the controversies of the past. If the story were to lose its believability, the connection to the reader would be severed. Many of Hemingway’s stories allow the reader to easily grasp the superficial concepts that Hemingway is trying to convey, while also leaving the reader to expand upon it in detail through her own experiences, imagination, and research. The descriptive setting, plausible characters, and deep allegory of moral†¦show more content†¦With a realistic and descriptive setting tying into the story, the reader can effortlessly place herself into the story and find something that relates to her through the experiences of the characters. Ultimately, if the setting were to be unclear or seem unrealistic, then this story loses its power over the reader. Furthermore, the reader able to connect to the short story, through its’ genuine characters. The story approaches its characters in a more multifaceted way. Each character symbolizes aspects below the surface of what the reader initially sees. If the characters were to fall flat and lack development, the reader would be limited by the scope in which she experiences the story. The characters allow the reader to see from many different moral perspectives, as they each depict a life stage of man from hopeful conception to hopeless death. This is done throughout the story, as each character symbolizes a moral transition. The sailor and the girl are morally carefree, sneaking off to conjugate, illustrating the excitement and hopefulness that the beginning of life brings. Secondly, the younger waiter signifies the moral confidence that comes with youthful age and inexperience. Additionally, the older waiter is becoming morally resentful, feeling the wane, and despair that grows with age and loneliness. Finally, the old man signifies almost complete despair, as he has tried to commit suicide the prior week, but rather than drink alone or at a

Information Security for America JobLink - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theInformation Security for America JobLink. Answer: Americas JobLink breach What was the problem? The America JobLink, which is a web based system which connect the job seekers and the employers, they revealed that their system were breached by a hacker who exploited the misconfiguration in the application code (Acua, 2016). This attacker was able to gain an access to the personal data of about 4.8 million job seekers, which included their full names, the date of birth date as well as the social security numbers (Al-Bayaa, 2011). The Alabama Department of Labor recently reported that the data breach in the America JobLink system. The America JobLink is managed by the America JobLink Alliance, which is a Kansas City organization which provides the online services to the multiple state employment offices across the country, which include Alabama (Acua, 2016). All the individuals who registered with the Alabama State Employment, they may be at the risk of the identity theft. How and why it occurred On 12th March AJLA tech support team had received the errors in the systems which indicated the suspicious activity of their system (Collier, 2017). The incident was reported to the law enforcement, as well as the third party forensic team which helped to determine on the scope of breach. The investigators confirmed that the suspicious activity of the March 21, and the breach was announced on the next day. The question which remains what happened on 12st March? On this day the America JobLink (AJL) was the victim of the breach when the hackers exploited a flaw in their application code and they were able to gain unauthorized access to the data of the job seekers in the ten states in America (Easttom II, 2016). AJL has a multi-state system that links the job seekers with the employers. On this day the attackers were able to gain the entry in the system and accessed the names, birthdates as well as the social security number of the applicants from Alabama, Delaware, Arizona, Kansas, Illinois, Maine, Vermont and Oklahoma (Goodrich Tamassia, 2013). In the breach there was a code configuration which was introduced into the system through the update. The organization national reach made this breach very serious as a result of the hackers accessing the users data from the ten different states (Goodrich Tamassia, 2013). According to the states targeted Illinois was the most affected with an approximate of one million four hundred users with the state who were compromised on their data. The severity of the breach was also impacted by the kind of data that was breach, such that the social security number being the most crucial and available information from the hackers perspectives. Additionally, it is important to note no matter how many records that were affected the information which is exposed indicates that the victims could face very serious issues especially down the road such as fraud or perhaps the identity theft (Siponen, Mahmood Pahnila, 2014). The hackers breached on this system because they wanted the information of the client such as the social security number and be able to steal their funds. What are the possible solutions? As a society individuals have reached to the point in which every organization have been entrusted with the personal information of the client. The organization needs to constantly test and harden on both their internal and the external defenses. One of the possible solution to this attack would be to remove ones data from the AJLA systems. To accomplish this, AJLA had instructed individuals to contact their local AJLA office for further assistance. The local office would then check individual accounts and determine if there data was compromised in the attack. Another thing would be to review ones credit report and keep an eye out for any suspicious activity on the bank accounts. The compromised data in the breach could allow the hackers from access to individuals accounts and make unauthorized purchase or even creating of new accounts under ones name (Streeter, 2013). In case one notices any inconsistent activity on the accounts, it is important to a contact the bank immediately. An other possible solution to this attack would be to place a credit freeze on the credit file (Streeter, 2013). This would offer an extra layer of protection by requiring on the additional verification in opening of new line of the credit under ones name. AJLA is offering a free credit monitoring services to many individuals who were affected by the attack. Those individuals who are being helped would receive an activation code in an email from the AJLA to be able to access on the solution. The organization could hire white hat hacker in order to test their system. The white hat hackers are extremely critical when an organization wants to prevents any kind of sophisticated attacks. Such hackers usually perform a high level attacks and the penetration tests with the business consent (Safa, Von Futcher, 2016). The intent behind these types of tests should be to identify the weak points in the system to enable them to seal and prevent any specific external attacks. The company may also perform the in house tests. Additionally, there could possibly be utilization of the system hardening (Safa, Von Futcher, 2016). This can be known as the lockdown or the security tightening, and it involves the activities such as the configuring of the software for the optimum use, deactivating all the unnecessary software program which may form the basis of the simple attacks and configuring on the system for the ideal security. Additionally, the system hardening process is carried out in a phased consider to be able to increase on the variety of the defensive layers in addition to reduce on the exposed attack surfaces. Part B: May 2017 ransomware cyber-attack on the web What was the problem? There was a massive ransomware attack which showed the vulnerability of the world against the cyber-attack (Graham, 2017). This attack was over reliance on the digital world as well as the artificial intelligence which made its defence to be fragile and exposed to the data thefts. In this ransomware attack it was known as the WannaCry which occurred in May 2017. WannaCry is a ransomware crypto worm which highly targeted the computer systems running on the Microsoft windows operating-system by encrypting on the information and demanding a ransom transaction in terms of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency (Graham, 2017). The attack started out on Friday, 12th May 2017 and within a day it had been revealed that the attack had infected to a lot more than 230, 000 computers to over one hundred and fifty countries. There was clearly section of the United Kingdom National Health Service that has been also infected , which triggered it to run some services on emergency only basis in the course of the attack . The WannaCry propagates on usage of the EternalBlue, which can be an exploit of the Windows Server Message Block protocol (Graham, 2017). The ransomware is a kind of the Trojans which takes over the computer and also prevents the users from gain access to of the data on the computers until the ransom has been paid. For most of the situations the software infects the computers via the links or maybe attachments in the malicious messages that are considered the phishing emails. Once the user has clicked on the links or even open a document, their computers are infected and the software takes over the system (Schou Hernandez, 2014). The individuals who were responsible demanded the users to pay three hundred dollars worth of bitcoins to enable them retrieve their files. Who were affected and how? Some of the major international institutions which were attacked by the ransomware are the British Health service which was infected causing it to run some services on an emergency only basis during the attack (Gordon, Loeb, Lucyshyn Zhou, 2015). This also to stalling of the surgeries and other critical patient care activity across the British Isles, and making of the confidential data of the patients and other documents to be inaccessible. Some of the report highlighted that Russia had seen more infections than any other country. Their domestic banks, the interior as well as the health ministries, the state owned Russia railway firms and the mobile phone network were hit (Gordon, Loeb, Lucyshyn Zhou, 2015). In Spain there were a number of large firms which were hit such as the Telefonia, power firm Iberdrola as well as the utility provider Gas Natural (Gupta, Agrawal Yamaguchi, 2016). These attacker used the software to infect the computers via the links or perhaps attachments in the malicious messages which are regarded as the phishing emails, and once someone clicked they take control of the system. How was the attack carried out? The ransomware attack are malicious software from the cryptovirology which threatens to publish on the data of the victims or perhaps partially block the access to it unless the ransom has been paid (Kennedy Kennedy, 2016). This ransom attack was carried out using a Trojan which was disguised as the legitimate file that the users are tricked into downloading or opening when it arrives as an email attachment. In the case of this attack it was a high profile WannaCry worm which travelled automatically between the computers without the interaction of the users (Kruse, Frederick, Jacobson Monticone, 2017). The attackers used the exploit vectors known as the EternalBlue which was leaked from the USA National Security Agency (Kennedy Kennedy, 2016). This ransomware spread in unprecedented scale infecting to more than two hundred thousand computers to over one hundred and fifty thousand countries (Pope, 2016). The wana Crypt0r 2.0 was bug which encrypts the data on the computer of the us ers within seconds and it displayed a message asking the users to pay for the ransom of three hundred dollars in Bitcoins to restore their access to the device and the data which is inside it. What could have been done to prevent the attack? The first thing the organization need to do is to examine what they are doing in order to prevent against phishing attacks (Renaud Goucher, 2014). There is need to educate the staff in regards to these threats and even carry out a red team type test through sending fake phishing emails out to employee and see if they could fall victims (Pope, 2016). Another things that the WannaCry attack showed was that the business need to make sure that they constantly update on their software and should install appropriate security patches. According to the investigation highlights that WannaCry ransomware software entered the NHS system via the vulnerability in the outdated Windows XP operating system (Pope, 2016). Keeping the system with the latest operating system could have helped to prevent this attack. Lastly, another way to have prevented the attack was for the companies should have a game out of the cyber scenarios and have a plan that is in place on how to handle the attack if it actually happened. Each business should have considered their worst case cyber event and ways to handle it, this way they would be prepared for any attack which could impact on the organizations. References Acua, D. C. (2016). Effects of a comprehensive computer security policy on computer security culture. Al-Bayaa, A. B. (2011). Preventive Security in the 21st Century: The Threats of the Threats. Inquiries Journal, 3(01). Collier, R. (2017). NHS ransomware attack spreads worldwide. Easttom II, W. C. (2016). Computer security fundamentals. Pearson IT Certification. Goodrich, M., Tamassia, R. (2013). Introduction to Computer Security: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Gordon, L. A., Loeb, M. P., Lucyshyn, W., Zhou, L. (2015). Externalities and the magnitude of cyber security underinvestment by private sector firms: a modification of the Gordon- Loeb model. Journal of Information Security, 6(1), 24. Graham, C. (2017). NHS cyber attack: Everything you need to know about biggest ransomwareoffensive in history. The Telegraph. Gupta, B., Agrawal, D. P., Yamaguchi, S. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of research on modern cryptographic solutions for computer and cyber security. IGI Global. Kennedy, S. E., Kennedy, S. E. (2016). The pathway to securitymitigating user negligence.Information Computer Security, 24(3), 255-264. Kruse, C. S., Frederick, B., Jacobson, T., Monticone, D. K. (2017). Cybersecurity in healthcare: A systematic review of modern threats and trends. Technology and Health Care, 25(1), 1-10. Pope, J. (2016). Ransomware: Minimizing the Risks. Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 13(11-12), 37. Renaud, K., Goucher, W. (2014, June). The curious incidence of security breaches by knowledgeable employees and the pivotal role a of security culture. In International Conference on Human Aspects of Information Security, Privacy, and Trust (pp. 361-372).Springer, Cham. Safa, N. S., Von Solms, R., Futcher, L. (2016). Human aspects of information security in organisations. Computer Fraud Security, 2016(2), 15-18. Schou, C., Hernandez, S. (2014). Information Assurance Handbook: Effective Computer Security and Risk Management Strategies. McGraw-Hill Education Group. Siponen, M., Mahmood, M. A., Pahnila, S. (2014). Employees adherence to information security policies: An exploratory field study. Information management, 51(2), 217- 224. Streeter, D. C. (2013). The effect of human error on modern security breaches. Strategic Informer: Student Publication of the Strategic Intelligence Society, 1(3), 2.

Kevin Michael free essay sample

New Wave Soul Artist Kevin Michael You cant pin this guy down with one lable. Kevin Michael mixes funk, soul, hip-hop, r, and everything else to make his own sound. Not only is he an amazing singer, hes got a background and he uses that in his music. He sings about- among many things- multi-racial couples. This is pulled from his real life, his mother being bi-racial and his father being black. He is definitely pulling away from mainstream thought about music. Kevin Michael mixes all different sounds and sings about more than just cash and cars and girls, all of which we hear too much about on the radio today. When he is in concert, he has a DJ and a guitar player/beat boxer who does his background beats. He doesnt stand at the microphone and sing the songs hes sung a million and two times before, he dances around the stage and lives the music like he digs it as much as he did the first time it was put together. We will write a custom essay sample on Kevin Michael or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That being said, he is still an artist on the rise. He is original and has so much vocal talent, but he isnt recognized by a large portion of regular people yet. I was truly crestfallen seeing him in concert with The Hives and Maroon 5, not getting received well by the audience. He is getting there, though, and I am sure it is only a matter of time until Kev Michael will be all youll hear on the radio. :VV:

Finding Forester Movie

Finding Forester Movie According to Erikson, healthy growth of the personality depends upon the successful resolution of eight stages in ego development throughout the lifespan (Frick, 1991). Each stage unfolds a biologically predetermined sequence in the interaction with social forces and the requirements of the culture, and each represents a critical period of transition in the healthy development of the ego and evolution of the personality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Finding Forester Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As one follows this epigenetic principle of maturation, the healthy resolution of a given stage of development depends in a large measure upon the strength of the foundation established in the earlier stages. Each stage becomes a crucial building block in the developmental process and ego functioning (Frick, 1991). Essentially, Erikson formulated eight major stages of development, each one posing a unique task and simultaneously presenting the individual with a crisis that he must fight against. As employed by Erikson, a crisis is not a threat of a catastrophe, but a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential. According to Erikson, there are eight basic stages of development. The first one is trust versus mistrust. This is the first stage of human life. During this stage, children decide themselves whether trust or mistrust other people depending on their own early life experiences. Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the second stage. During this period, children begin to walk, crawl, climb and explore the surrounding world. A new conflict confronts them. When parents are patient and cooperative, the children gain a sense of independence, and if the child is not encouraged, he or she develops a sense of shame and doubt. Initiative versus guilt is another stage. During this time, the repertoire of motor and mental abilities that children can m aster expands greatly. Parents who give their children freedom in running, sliding, bike riding, skating and roughhousing allow them to develop initiative. Parents who curtail their childrens freedom or even forbid to undertake such activities make their kids feel a sense of guilt. Industry vs. inferiority is the next stage which indicates that children should be given an opportunity to exercise their abilities at a tender age because without some of them, they will not able to grow and develop. Now, let us take a closer look at the stage identity versus role confusion.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As children grow, they try to gain an understanding of who they are and how they should come to that understanding. If this is not achieved, then they become confused and are not able to gain a sense of control in their lives. This stage is followed by the next one ca lled generativity versus stagnation. During this stage, Erikson states that one seeks to reach out to other people’s concerns which are beyond a person. Generativity entails selflessness while stagnation is a condition in which individuals are preoccupied with their material possessions or physical well being. Lastly, the stage of integrity versus despair comes. It is a common feature of the old age. At this stage, one takes stock of their years. Some people despair while the others are grateful for their lives. Personality development as illustrated by Erikson is clearly captured in a motion picture titled Finding Forrester. This is a movie which is based on a story about a New York High school student by the name of Rob Brown who is stared by Jamal Wallace (Gines, 2009). This is a teenager who is intelligent and talented. This teen finds himself with an acclaimed writer William Forester who develops a friendship with him after the teen sneaked into his office on a dare (Fri ck, 1991). Jamal is a young man who left his neighborhood school after being recruited by New York Prep for Prep, a New York City program for the students who are gifted and talented. Jamal is a student who excels in mathematics and science. He is also a gifted basketball player. This movie brings to the fore the realities of black teenagers who hide their love of books, their dreams, and their brilliance in order to fit in with their peers (Gines, 2009). A major lesson the movie addresses is that of the reciprocal relationship between the teacher and the student (Mckinnon, 2005). Too frequently, teachers forget that the word teacher and its definition would not exist if there were no students. In other words, teachers need students as much as students need teachers. Jamal Wallace entered the home of a recluse writer on a dare taken from his friends. However, he ran in fear, leaving his book bag, when Forrester appeared (Mckinnon, 2005). At that point, Jamal’s life changed ir revocably. Forrester, a famous writer, whose first and the only published novel made the same impact as Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, finds Jamal’s notebooks in the boys bag and examines his work.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Finding Forester Movie specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though Jamal leaves his book bag in Forrester’s home, Forrester critiques the notebooks and throws the book bag out the window with such comments as ‘constipated thinking’. Jamal is not amused. He realizes that he met someone who can help him to develop his writing skills, a person who is a true writer and an inquisitive mind. That is why, he runs towards Forrester rather than away from him. Once Jamal enters Forrester’s apartment, Forrester’s life as a teacher is also irrevocably changed. While Jamal is fascinated with the walls of, perhaps, the first editions of the books that he has read, Forrester tests the intellectual, emotional and ambitious parameters of the young black male in whose works he has seen the signs of greatness. One of Jamal’s first lessons is that he learns how to write with his heart and revise later with his mind. At his new school, Jamal has two obvious foes,: a young basketball peer and a literature teacher. The first one does not like Jamal because the young man of obvious parentage does not want Jamal to identify with him. The literature teacher, Robert Crawford, does not also like the boy because he is a failure as a writer, lacking the genius reflected in Jamal’s work (Mckinnon, 2005). Uniquely gifted, Jamal is as skillful at playing basketball as he is at writing and remembering lines from different books of various authors he has read. The young light skinned basketball player, who is described by a young woman who befriends Jamal as someone who craves the limelight, reminds the still unstudied phenomenon of a s ingle black professor teaching in a predominantly White department or university (Mckinnon, 2005). The word adolescent comes from the Latin word meaning â€Å"growing up† or â€Å"coming to maturity†. In one way or the other, virtually, all the students of adolescence regard its ultimate challenge as the establishment of psychological and social identity (Cassel Bernstein, 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In facing this challenge, the adolescents struggle against decisions about who and what they are as men, women, romantic partners, workers and members of families, ethnic groups, organizations and other cultural institutions. Adolescence is considered to be just the beginning of a period lasting throughout adulthood during which each person must resolve four crises. The first one deals with identity, which means to learn to choose values, vocations, beliefs, family, lifestyle, and gender roles. The second crisis touches intimacy, which is achieving closeness with a romantic partner. The third one is called generativity that is having children and/or finding meaningful work or the other productive activity. The last crisis is considered to be integrity, which means to be able to look back on life with satisfaction. Although various psychological theories assume that most adolescents actually succeed to establish their psychosocial identities, today’s behavioral scientists reco gnize that few of them achieve nothing and are left alone without their place in the world. Accordingly, many teenagers are no longer expected to make all their vocational, marital, and life style choices by the time they are 20. Of those who go to college, many graduate with a degree, but have little or no certainty about what to do with or about it and whether they have chosen the right career. Identity confusion including indecisiveness about what to do with one’s life can lead to many problems ranging from infrequent changes of romantic partners and job hopping to criminal behavior. Some of the choices teenagers make about how to spend their time can increase the likelihood of becoming involved in criminal activity. This is especially true for those who enter adolescence burdened by the childhood risk factors for criminal behavior. They include poverty, weak conscience, poor moral values, contacts with criminal or drug abusing family members; low self esteem; school failu re, poor social skills, parental abuse and/or neglect, bad conduct and/or attention deficit disorders, and early alcohol and drug abuse. The more risk factors children experience, the greater the likelihood that they will engage in antisocial behavior and criminal acts as the adolescents and young adults. These risk factors can provide pathways to crime (Cassel Bernstein, 2007). At this period, the character is going through a stage of identity vs. role confusion. Jamal comes from a background which is defined by lack of direction and despair. The future is bleak for most of his peers, and seemingly, he trudges down that lane. However, he has a special talent and academic ability that gives him advantage over his fellow colleagues. Initially, Jamal does not seem to focus on his academics and possible future. However, his interaction with an author who spots his gift enables him to discover his potential and set his direction in life. At this stage, the most important thing for a pe rson like Jamal is to ensure that he has a role model who will guide him through the waves of life and enable him to excel in his area. From a counseling perspective, Jamal further needs career guidance so that he can be able to know which future career path will suit the skills and abilities which he bears best. In addition, owing to the fact that this stage is largely characterized by peer influence, Jamal needs some intra and interpersonal skills to enable him to deal with the prevailing circumstances so that he can be able to withstand the challenges of peer influence. Essentially, there is a need to ensure that he has the ability to be assertive and set realistic and achievable goals. What is identity? When does it form? What aspects of identity change over time? What features of identity remain the same over time? Can identity be ever lost? If so, can it be regained? How do early life experiences affect one’s later sense of identity? What roles do one’s family, f riends, schools, places of work, houses of worship, and cultural values play in the development of identity? These questions confirm one thing that identity is a complex entity that is to be defined accurately (Moshman, 2005). The need to define individual identity and show how identity leads one to find or not to find meaningful connections within a larger cultural milieu is common to all the pursuits. Identity formation involves the emergence of a new, intra psychic structure. This new structure is more than the sum of previous childhood identifications rather than it is a configuration that now enables the holder to mediate rather than be mediated by these earlier identifications of childhood. Essentially, one might conclude that identity is present when other people’s opinions become something to reflect upon, rather than to live by. There are several theories which have been fronted with regard to the development of identity. Key among these theories is Marcia’s t heory of identity formation. Marcia’s approach is the concept of identity commitments. Mature identity, in his view, is a matter of having strong, self conscious, and self chosen commitments in matters such as a vocation, sexuality, religion, and political ideology. Marcia suggested that individuals entering adolescence typically fall in one of the two categories. The identity diffused individual has no strong commitments and is not seeking any. Such individuals are satisfied to live day by day and simply see where life takes them. The foreclosed individual, by contrast, does have clear commitments. Those commitments have been internalized from parents and other agents of culture; they are not self chosen, in that no alternatives have been seriously considered. It is possible for an individual in either of these identities to move into the other. As adolescence proceeds, a diffused individual may accept the ideas of those he is close to with regard to matters of vocation, se xuality, religion, and politics. If these commitments become sufficiently strong, without being purposely chosen from a set of genuine alternatives, the individual now has a foreclosed identity. Alternatively, a foreclosed individual may become increasingly dubious of his or her comments, yet have little or no interest in replacing these commitments with others. Such a decrease in concern with identity commitments would constitute a transition to identity diffusion. It is possible, however, for an individual who is either foreclosed or identity diffused to move into an identity crisis, which Marcia referred to as a state of moratorium. For the foreclosed individual, this consists of questioning the specific commitments one has learned, seriously considering alternative possibilities and seeking to construct new commitments of one’s own. For the diffused individual, although there are no current commitments to be displaced, the transition to moratorium also involves an active effort to consider possibilities and form central commitments. Regardless of how one gets there, moratorium is a state where one has no current identity commitments, but seeks to make such commitments. Unlike identity diffusion and foreclosure, which may continue indefinitely, moratorium is a relatively unstable state. The individual is likely to resolve his or her own crisis in one or two ways. The positive outcome is to make commitments, thus leading to a state known as identity achieved. The negative outcome is to give up the search for identity, thus becoming identity diffused. It is important to note that once one genuinely considers alternatives, foreclosing is no longer a possible status. One either makes commitments and becomes identity achieved or fails to do it and becomes identity diffused. Based on Marcia’s analysis, Jamal is a teenager who is going through the motions of life as he tries to identify who he is and what he is capable of doing. This is based on a ba ckground which is characterized by uncertainty. At some point, he seems to be struggling with what life has to offer. Though he faces stiff competition, he is not dissuaded from pursuing his goal of playing basketball and writing. This is based on the fact that he has been exposed to a person who enables to create an image of who the boy wants to be in future. Before Jamal bumps into Forrester’s life, he was not sure of what he wanted to become. This is characterized by the fact that he leaves his books behind upon being bumped into by Forrester. Furthermore, he decides to get involved in groups which do not seem to add any value to his life. It is worth noting that at this age, Jamal shows the frustrations and emotions of being a normal New York black teenager. As he struggles against negative perceptions in his school, he trudges on until he makes room for himself. This is a trait of a person who has moved from a state of lack of self understanding to a state when he is abl e to forgo some pleasures based on the fact that he understands what he is doing. In addition to this, Jamal’s character also impresses Forrester and makes him change his attitude towards being black. References Cassel, E., Bernstein, D. A. (2007). Criminal behavior. New York: Routledge. Frick, W. B. (1991). Personality theories: journeys into self : an experiential workbook. London: Teachers College Press. Gines, A. (2009). Developmental Psychology. Florentino: Rex Bookstore, Inc. Mckinnon, J. A. (2005). Black studies as human studies: critical essays and interviews. New York: SUNY Press. Moshman, D. (2005). Adolescent psychological development: rationality, morality, and identity. New York: Routledge.